A character array is an array used to store character data. The general form of its definition is: char array name [data length]. A character array is used to store characters or strings. An element in the character array stores a character, which occupies one byte in memory. There is no string type in C. Strings are stored in character arrays.
For storage
Character array
You can get a character by referencing an element in the character array.
The reference form of the array is:
Array name [subscript]
[Example 5-8] Enter "I like playing basketball" and display it.
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
char a [26] = "I like playing basketball";
int i;
for (i = 0; i <26; i ++)
printf ("% c", a [i]);
}
The result is: I like playing basketball
String and end-of-string flags
In C, strings are treated as arrays of characters. In order to determine the actual length of a string, the C language specifies a "string end flag" with the character '\ 0' as the end flag
Character array input
(1) Use getchar () or scanf () '% c' format character to perform character assignment on the array. For example, for the array a : assign using getchar ():
for (i = 0; i <10; i ++)
a [i] = getchar ();
Assign with scanf ():
for (i = 0; i <10; i ++)
scanf ("% c", & a [i]);
(2) Assign values to the array using the '% s' format of scanf (). Still for array a :
scanf ("% s", a);
or
scanf ("% s", & a [0]);
When you enter "C program" and press enter, the a array will automatically contain a string "C program" ending with "\ 0".
Character array output
(1) Use the '% c' format character of putchar () or printf () to perform character assignment on the array. For example, for the array a : assign using putchar ():
for (i = 0; i <10; i ++)
a [i] = putchar ();
Assign using printf ():
for (i = 0; i <10; i ++)
printf ("% c", a [i]);
The output is:
c program
Example 6.8 Enter a line of characters, count how many words are in them, and separate them with spaces.
#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{
char string [81];
int i, num = 0, word = 0;
char c;
gets (string);
for (i = 0; (c = string [i])! = '\ 0'; i ++)
if (c == '') word = 0;
else if (word == 0)
{
word = 1;
num ++;
}
printf ("There are% d words in this line. \ n", num);
}
operation result
I am a boy.
There are 4 words in this line.
