What Are the Different Types of Anticancer Drugs?

Anticancer drugs are drugs that fight cancer. At present, there are about 130 to 150 anticancer drugs in the world. There are about 1,300 to 1,500 various anticancer drug preparations formulated with these drugs.

(See Chen Qingqi's "Quick Check on Chemical Synthesis of American Anticancer Drugs" published by Science Press in February 2009.) The end of the book mentions that the trace element selenium has entered the clinical stage as a new discovery in the field of anticancer. Will be available as a new type of anticancer drug. Because cancer patients are accompanied by varying degrees of cancer pain symptoms, anticancer drugs include cancer pain drugs.

Beginning May 1, 2018, three measures will be taken to reduce the price of anti-cancer drugs-zero tariffs on imported drugs, centralized government bargaining and procurement of anti-cancer drugs that have been included in medical insurance, and medical insurance of anti-cancer drugs that are not included in medical insurance Admission negotiations. On August 4, it was learned from the National Medical Security Administration that the National Medical Insurance Administration took various measures to accelerate the price reduction of anticancer drugs. Among them, the new round of anti-cancer drug medical insurance access negotiations is expected to be completed before the end of September.

Name: Anticancer drugs
Name: Anticancer drugs
Anti-cancer drugs: 130 to 150 types

Classification: Western medicine and Chinese medicine
Pharmaceutical preparation: 1300 1500 kinds
Treatment: Treat tumor

Anticancer Drugs

Anticancer drugs are divided into western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine according to their different treatment characteristics. Western medicine includes chemotherapy and bio-targeted therapy drugs, while traditional Chinese medicine includes prescriptions and proprietary Chinese medicines commonly used in clinical practice. The impact of changes in the living environment and methods and the aging of the population and the increase in survival pressure have led to the rising incidence of malignant tumors in China, becoming the first lethal disease.

Anticancer drugs There are about 130 to 150 anticancer drugs that have been approved for marketing worldwide. There are about 1,300 to 1,500 kinds of various anti-cancer drug preparations formulated with these drugs (see Chen Qingqi's "A Quick Look at the Chemical Synthesis of American Anticancer Drugs" Science Press, February 2009). In addition, there are more than 800 new anticancer drugs that are currently being researched worldwide but have not yet been approved for marketing, of which about 400 are small-molecule chemical anticancer drugs. Published). These new anti-cancer drugs will be new weapons for humans to fight against cancer in the next 20 to 50 years, and also represent the highest level of human anti-cancer drug research.

Because cancer patients are accompanied by varying degrees of cancer pain symptoms, anticancer drugs include cancer pain drugs. The survey showed that the incidence of pain in newly diagnosed cancer patients was 25%, and the incidence of pain in advanced cancer patients rose to 60% -80%, of which 1/3 were severe pain patients. The treatment of cancer pain should be launched simultaneously with standard anti-tumor treatments. Generally, the first stage will use non-invasive treatments, such as cancer pain medicine, physical therapy, and psychological treatment; the second stage will use non-destructive invasive treatments, such as nerve block , Intrathecal drug infusion and so on.

Development of anticancer drugs

Drug treatment is a very important link in the treatment of cancer. The use of effective anticancer drugs can help patients to obtain a longer survival time and hope for survival. At present, the most common anticancer drugs are chemotherapy drugs and Chinese medicine. , Biopharmaceuticals, targeted drugs, etc. Moreover, due to the invention of genetic recombination technology in 1973, genetic engineering protein drugs have flourished, and the development of protein cancer drugs has entered a new era with the development of new technologies. Among them, cytokines have been successfully developed and marketed. Cytokine), humanized monoclonal antiboby, etc. The most common serious adverse reaction of anticancer drugs is the suppression of bone marrow.

The sales of oncology drugs have maintained a steady and rapid growth. Since 2002, the compound annual growth rate of plant antitumor drugs has been 25.5%, which is lower than the average level of oncology drugs. Product sales have reached the platform, and the growth rate of paclitaxel, the main product, has slowed down. In contrast, docetaxel is the fastest growing product in this category.

In 2006, the growth rate of the anti-tumor drug market was 33.22%, and the growth rate in the first half of 2007 compared with the same period in 2006 was 33.86%. New anti-tumor drugs are constantly appearing, and many patients are bewildered in their choice. Among many anti-tumor drugs, natural plant anti-tumor drugs accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for 27.0%, followed by anti-metabolic tumor drugs, accounting for 26.1%. Among the top 10 antitumor drugs in a single product, plant antitumor drugs occupied two seats, paclitaxel and docetaxel, occupying the top two respectively.

In the first half of 2007, paclitaxel occupied the first place in the market with a share of 44.1%, followed by docetaxel with a 39.7% share. These two varieties accounted for 83.8% of the plant antitumor drugs. Among the other varieties, vinorelbine occupied 6.7%, elemene occupied 3.3%, hydroxycamptothecin occupied 3.2%, and the remaining varieties only occupied 3% market share.

Anticancer drug treatments

The anti-cancer drug tumor classification comprehensive treatment system has always been one of the three major methods of treating tumors that go hand in hand with surgery and radiation therapy. A large amount of foreign literature reports that one of the main mechanisms of many chemotherapy drugs to inhibit tumor cell growth and promote its death is to induce tumor cell apoptosis. This theory has a new breakthrough with the mechanism of cytotoxicity leading to tumor cell necrosis in the past, and has led to the development of some new drugs with great application value, which has promoted the progress of clinical trials of chemotherapy drugs.

Research on combined chemotherapy drugs: According to the American Rizivi report, combined chemotherapy with docetaxel and gemcitabine may replace cisplatin-based non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy regimens. In the Phase I clinical study, the dose range of docetaxel was 30-40 mg / m2, and the dose range of gemcitabine was 800-1000 mg / m2. Both drugs were administered on the first and eighth days, 21 Days are a cycle. Among 26 patients, 27% of patients had grade III / IV neutropenia, and the incidence was related to the number of combined chemotherapy. Subsequent studies suggest that newly treated patients or patients who have previously received only one chemotherapy can tolerate 40 mg / m² docetaxel and 1250 mg / m² gemcitabine without significant non-hematological or hematological toxicity . The study also found that docetaxel 80 mg / m2 and gemcitabine 2500 mg / m2 were administered without toxic side effects every 3 weeks. Ongoing clinical studies include a trial of docetaxel and gemcitabine combined chemotherapy with docetaxel and gemcitabine combined chemotherapy, and a trial of docetaxel, gemcitabine, and cisplatin three chemotherapy.

The validation results of the clinical validation collaboration group of gemcitabine in China also showed that in NSCLC treatment, the median survival time of 31.5% patients with single-agent therapy was four and a half months; with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin, the total response rate was 56.1%, the median The survival period is about nine months. In the United States, Langer and others reported that NSCLC is effective, with an effective rate of 30% -50%, and the adverse reactions were significantly reduced compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin combined chemotherapy.

Single chemotherapeutic drug research: Topotecan is a water-soluble synthetic analog of camptothecin, which is a topological enzyme I inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action. Preclinical tests have confirmed that it has broad-spectrum antitumor activity, and some tumors that are resistant to other cytotoxic dysfunctions (such as doxorubicin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and fluorouracil) are more sensitive to it. A European study showed that 92 patients with ovarian cancer who had failed treatment with other chemotherapeutics received topotecan, with a response rate of 16.3% and an average response period of 22 weeks. Those who did not respond to docetaxel, cisplatin, or carboplatin in combination with chemotherapy had a response rate of 12.9% with topotecan. In addition, topotecan has a good therapeutic and alleviating effect on small cell lung cancer, central nervous system tumors, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer, and it is only relatively low compared with existing antitumor drugs. The cross-reactivity provides a new treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory tumors.

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is another topoisomerase I inhibitor, which is of great value in replacing colorectal cancer with failed fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment failure. Cutsem et al. Conducted a comparison test between irinotecan and high-dose 5-FU perfusion therapy. 267 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who failed 5-FU treatment were randomly divided into two groups and received irinotecan or 5-FU perfusion therapy, respectively. . The results showed that the survival time of patients in the irinotecan group was significantly higher than that in the 5-FU group. The one-year survival rate of the former was 45% and the latter was 32%.

In addition, the synthetic prodrug methotrexate--peptide derivatives, such as Professor Hao Xiaoke, from the Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, can specifically kill prostate cancer cells with a tumor suppression rate of 89.5%, thereby avoiding The damage of traditional chemotherapy drugs to tissues and cells of the whole body. The specific activating enzyme of this prodrug is selectively placed on the tumor site. After the prodrug enters the body, it can be converted into a high concentration of active drug by the activating enzyme in the tumor tissue site, and its cytotoxicity The activity is more than 1000 times greater than the prodrug.

Studies in the scientific community have found that plant-active selenium can inhibit and kill cancer cells , eliminate harmful free radicals in the body, antagonize and reduce the toxicity of many harmful elements and substances, promote the formation of antibodies, enhance the body's immunity, and maintain enzymes and certain vitamins Its biological functions such as its activity and the physiological role of hormones are effective in preventing disease and aging. ^[4-5]

The main problem of anticancer drugs

The relevant person in charge of the Food and Drug Administration introduced that China's online drug sales must have the "Internet Drug Trading Service Qualification Certificate" issued by the food and drug supervision department. Anyone who sells drugs to individual consumers should first be a physical drug retail chain enterprise that meets the requirements for the approval management of self-built websites. Enterprises that have obtained the qualification to sell drugs online should mark the certificate number on a prominent place on the website for consumers to check and verify.

There are 184 drug retail companies approved by the drug regulatory department to legally sell drugs online.

In addition, online pharmacies can sell over-the-counter medicines, but they cannot sell "white plus black" and "new Kang Taike" compound preparations containing ephedrine, and prescription drugs are prohibited from being sold by online pharmacies.

For those who claim to purchase prescription drugs such as foreign anti-cancer drugs online, the State Food and Drug Administration reminded that this procurement channel is very suspicious, and the authenticity and quality of the drugs are not guaranteed. According to the experience obtained by local drug regulatory authorities in previous investigations, about 75% of online purchases of overseas anticancer drugs have been confirmed as counterfeit drugs.

Anticancer Drugs

Anticancer drugs that have been approved for marketing worldwide (Note: The data are mainly from: Chen Qingqi edited "Quick Check of American Anticancer Drug Chemical Synthesis" Science Press, published in February 2009), and can also participate in the official US MedKoo Biosciences, Inc List of anticancer drugs and chemical structure listed on the webpage.


Drug name	Pharmaceutical factory	Approval date	Drug classification	Route of administration / chemical name
Actiq	Anesta Corporation	November 1998	Treating cancer pain
Anexsia	Mallinckrodt group	August 1996	Treating chronic pain
Anzemet	Hoechst Marion Roussel	February 1998	Treatment and prevention of chemotherapy and nausea and vomiting associated with post-operative patients
Aredia	Ciba Pharmaceuticals	August 1996	Treatment of osteolytic bone metastases in breast cancer patients,
Arimidex (anastrozole)	Zeneca	January 1996	Treating breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Aromasin Tablet	Pfizer Inc	October 1999	Treatment of postmenopausal breast patients who have improved after tamoxifen treatment
Avastin	Genentech	April 2004	First angiogenesis inhibitor for tumor therapy
Busulflex	Orphan Medical, Inc	February 1999	Treatment of leukemia
Campath	Berlex Laboratories	May 2001	For the treatment of B-cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia	injection
Camptosar	Pharmacia & Upjohn	October 1998	Treatment of rectal and colon cancer
Doxil	Alza Corp.	June 1999	Treatment of ovarian cancer where first-line drugs are difficult to control
Eligard	Atrix Laboratories	January 2002	Relief treatment for prostate cancer in the elderly	(leuprolide acetate);
Ellence	Pharmacia & Upjohn	September 1999		epirubicin hydrochloride
Elliotts B Solution	Orphan Medical, Inc	October 1996	Treatment of meningeal leukemia and lymphocytic lymphoma	buffered intrathecal electrolyte / dextrose injection)
Eloxatin	Sanofi-Synthelabo	August 2002	Treatment of rectal and colon cancer	oxaliplatin / 5-fluorouracil / leucovorin
Emend	Merck	March 2003	Treatment of nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients	(aprepitant);
Ethyol	US Bioscience and Alza Corp.	June 1996	Treatment of xerostomia due to radiation	(amifostine);
Ethyol	Alza Pharmaceuticals, US Bioscience	December 1995	Treatment and reduction of renal toxicity caused by chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients	amifostine
Erbitux	Imclone, Bristol-Myerssguibb	February 2004	Third-line medication for advanced straight and colon cancer	Cetuximab
Eulexin	Schering-Plough Corporation	June 1996	Treatment of prostate cancer	(flutamide)
Faslodex	AstraZeneca;	April 2002	Treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer	fulvestrant
Femara & reg;	Novartis	July 1997	Treating breast cancer	letrozole) Tablets
	Novartis	January 2001	First-line treatment for locally high incidence and metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women	(letrozole)
Feridex IV	Advanced Magnetics	February 1996	Liver injury magnetic resonance imaging imaging preparation
GastroMARK	Advanced Magnetics	May 1996	Gastrointestinal magnetic resonance imaging imaging preparation
Gemzar	Eli Lilly	August 1998	Lung Cancer Treatment	Gemcitabine HCl)
Gemzar	Eli Lilly	May 1996	Breast cancer treatment	(Gemcitabine HCl);
Gleevec	Novartis	May 2001	For the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia	(imatinib mesylate)
		February 2002	Gastrointestinal stromal cell cytomas (GISTs)
Gliadel Wafer	Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc. and Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc	February 1997	Treating brain tumors	polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant)
Herceptin	Genentech	October 1998	Treating metastatic breast cancer
Inform HER-2		January 1998	Breast cancer
Intron A	Schering-Plough Corp	December 1997	Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Interferon alfa-2b	December 1995	Adjuvant therapy for recurrence of high-risk melanoma after surgery
Iressa (gefitinib)	AstraZeneca	May 2003	Aiming at epithelial growth factor receptors, the drugs that stimulate cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance are lost to achieve a therapeutic effect.
Kadian	Purepac Pharmaceutical	July 1996	Chronic moderate to severe pain
Kytril	SmithKline Beecham	November 1997	Nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients	(granisetron)
	Hoffmann-La Roche	June 2001	Nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients	(granisetron) Solution;
Leukine	Immunex Corp.	November 1995	Used to activate peripheral blood blasts after bone marrow transplantation	(sargramostim)
		November 1996	Leukopenia	(sargramostim)
Lupron Depot	Tap Holdings	July 1997	Prostate cancer
	Abbott Laboratories	January 1996	Prostate cancer	leuprolide acetate for depot suspension
Miraluma test	DuPont Pharma		Breast cancer
Neulasta	Amgen	January 2002	Reduce the chance of infections due to leukocytopenia
Neumega	Genetics Institute	November 1997	Thrombocytopenia
Neupogen	Amgen	April 1998	Slow recovery of white blood cells after chemotherapy
Nolvadex	Zeneca	October 1998	Breast cancer
Photodynamic Therapy	Sanofi	January 1996	Photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer
Photofrin	QLT Therapeutics	January 1998	Early non-small cell lung cancer
Proleukin	Chiron Corporation	January 1998	Patients with metastatic cancer
Quadramet	DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company	March 1997	Pain in patients with bone cancer	(Samarium Sm 153 Lexidronam Injection)
Rituxan	Idec Pharmaceuticals; Genentech Inc	November 1997	Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Sclerosol Intrapleural Aerosol	Bryan Corporation	January 1998	Cancerous pleural effusion
SecreFlo	Repligen	April 2002	For pancreatic function diagnosis and treatment of gastrin tumors	(secretin)
Taxol	Bristol-Myers Squibb	August 1997	Treating AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma
Taxotere	Rhone Poulenc Rorer	May 1996	Locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer	(Docetaxel)
Temodar	Schering-Plough	August 1999	Treatment of refractory degenerative astrocytoma
Trelstar Depot	Debio Rechereche Pharmaceutique?	June 2000	Relief treatment for advanced prostate cancer	(Injectable Triptorelin Pamoate)
Trelstar LA	Debiopharm SA	June 2001	Advanced prostate cancer	Intramuscular injection
Trisenox	Cell Therapeutics	September 2000	For the relief and consolidation of acute myeloid leukemia	(arsenic trioxide)
UltraJect	Mallinckrodt group	August 1996	Chronic pain
UVADEX	Therakos, Inc	February 1999	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	Sterile Solution
Valstar	Anthra Pharmaceuticals	October 1998	Bladder Cancer
Velcade	Millennium Pharmaceuticals	May 2003	Patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two or more therapies	(bortezomib)
Viadur	ALZA Corporation	March 2000	Analgesia for advanced prostate cancer	leuprolide acetate implant)
Visipaque	Nycomed	April 1996	diagnosis	(iodixanol)
Xeloda	Hoffman-La Roche	May 2001	Metastatic colorectal cancer
	Hoffmann LaRoche	April 1998	Advanced breast cancer
Zevalin	IDEC Pharmaceuticals; Approved February 2002	February 2002	Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	(ibritumomab tiuxetan)
Zofran	Glaxo Wellcome;	April 1998	Nausea and vomiting in adults after surgery
ZofranODT	Glaxo Wellcome Inc.	January 1999	Prevent nausea caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Zoladex	Zeneca	January 1996	Advanced prostate cancer	goserelin acetate implant
Zometa	Novartis	February 2002	Osteonecrosis due to multiple myeloma solid tumors	(zoledronic acid)
	Novartis	August 2001	Malignant hypercalcemia	zoledronic acid
Asteady	HangZhou Sigengtang Bio-Tech CO., Ltd	May 2005	Gastrointestinal cancer

What Are the Different Types of Anticancer Drugs?

Anticancer Drugs

Development of anticancer drugs

Anticancer drug treatments

The main problem of anticancer drugs

Anticancer Drugs

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