Chemical element is a general term for a group of atoms with the same number of nuclear charges (the number of protons in the nucleus). From a philosophical point of view, the element is the result of a qualitative change in the number of electrons of the atom.
| Time | Element name | discoverer |
| Ancient | carbon | \ |
| Ancient | sulfur | \ |
| Ancient | iron | \ |
| Ancient | copper | \ |
| Ancient | Zinc | \ |
| Ancient | silver | \ |
| Ancient | tin | \ |
| Ancient | antimony | \ |
| Ancient | gold | \ |
| Ancient | HG | \ |
| Ancient | lead | \ |
| 1250 | arsenic | (Germany) Magnus (1193-1280) |
| 1669 | phosphorus | (Germany) Portland |
| 1735 | cobalt | (Sweden) G. Brandt (1694-1768) |
| 1735 | platinum | (West) DA de Ulloa (1716-1795) |
| 1751 | nickel | (Sweden) AF Cronsted (1722-1765) |
| 1753 | bismuth | (English) CJ Geoffory |
| 1766 | hydrogen | (English) H. Cavendish (1731-1810) |
| 1772 | nitrogen | (British) D. Rutherford (1749-1819) |
| 1774 | oxygen | (British) Priestley (1733-1804) |
| 1774 | chlorine | (Sweden) CW Scheele (1742-1780) |
| 1774 | manganese | (Sweden) JG Gahn (1745-1818) |
| 1778 | molybdenum | (Sweden) Elm (PJ Hjelm, 1746-1813) |
| 1782 | tellurium | (Austrian) Müller (FJ Müller, 1740-1825) |
| 1783 | Tungsten | (West) brothers de El Huyar |
| 1789 | beryllium | (French) LN Vauquelin |
| 1789 | zirconium | (German) MH Klaproth (1743-1817) |
| 1789 | uranium | (Germany) MH Klaproth |
| 1791 | titanium | (British) Gregor (W. Gregor, 1762-1817) |
| 1794 | yttrium | (Fin) Gadolin (J. Gadolin, 1760-1852) |
| 1798 | chromium | (French) Walkerland (LN Vauquelin, 1763-1829) |
| 1801 | niobium | (British) Hatchet (C. Hatchett, 1765? -1847) |
| 1802 | Tantalum | (Sweden) AG Ekeberg (1767-1813) |
| 1803 | rhodium | (British) Wollaston (WH Wollaston, 1766-1828) |
| 1803 | palladium | (UK) WH Wollaston |
| 1803 | cerium | (German) MH Klaproth, etc. |
| 1804 | iridium | (English) S. Tennant |
| 1804 | osmium | (British) S. Tennant (1761-1815) |
| 1807 | boron | (French) JL Gay-Lussac (1778-1850), etc. |
| 1807 | sodium | (English) H. Davy (1778-1829) |
| 1807 | Potassium | (English) H. Davy |
| 1808 | magnesium | (English) H. Davy |
| 1808 | calcium | (English) H. Davy and others |
| 1808 | strontium | (English) H. Davy |
| 1808 | barium | (English) H. Davy |
| 1811 | iodine | (France) Kutwa (JB Courtois, 1777-1838) |
| 1817 | lithium | (Sweden) JA Arfredson (1792-1841) |
| 1817 | cadmium | (Germany) F. Stromeyer (1776-1835) |
| 1818 | selenium | (Sweden) JJ Berzelius (1779-1848) |
| 1823 | silicon | (Sweden) JJ Berzelius |
| 1824 | bromine | (French) Bala (AJ Balard, 1802-1876) |
| 1827 | aluminum | (Dan) HC Oersted (1777-1851) |
| 1828 | thorium | (Sweden) JJ Berzelius |
| 1830 | vanadium | (Sweden) NG Sefstrom (1787-1845) |
| 1839 | lanthanum | (Sweden) CG Mosander (1797-1858) |
| 1843 | terbium | (Sweden) CG Mosander |
| 1843 | erbium | (Sweden) CG Mosander |
| 1844 | ruthenium | (Russia) Klaus (KK Klaus, 1796-1864) |
| 1860 | cesium | (German) Bunsen (RW Bunsen, 1811-1899), etc. |
| 1861 | rubidium | (German) Bunsen (RW Bunsen), etc. |
| 1861 | thallium | W. Crookes (1832-1919) |
| 1863 | indium | (Germany) Reich (F. Reich, 1799-1882), etc. |
| 1875 | gallium | (French) L. de Boisbaudran (1838-1912) |
| 1878 | ytterbium | (Switzerland) JCG Marignac |
| 1879 | scandium | (Sweden) Nelson (LF Nilson, 1840-1899) |
| 1879 | samarium | (French) L. de Boisbaudran |
| 1879 | holmium | (Sweden) PT Cleve (1840-1905) |
| 1879 | thulium | (Sweden) PT Cleve (1840-1905) |
| 1880 | gadolinium | (Switzerland) JCG Marignac (1817-1894) |
| 1885 | praseodymium | (Austria) von Weisbach (BA von Weisbach, 1858-1929) |
| 1885 | neodymium | (Austria) von Weisbach |
| 1886 | fluorine | (French) H. Moissan (1852-1907) * |
| 1886 | germanium | (German) CA Winkler (1838-1904) |
| 1886 | dysprosium | (French) L. de Boisbaudran |
| 1894 | Argon | (English) Rayleigh (RJS Rayleigh, 1842-1919), etc. * |
| 1895 | Helium` | (English) Ramsay (W. Ramsay, 1852-1916) * |
| 1898 | ` | (French) Marie Curie (1867-1934) (born in Poland), etc. * |
| 1898 | radium | (French) Marie Curie and others |
| 1898 | neon | (English) W. Ramsay, etc. |
| 1898 | ` | (English) W. Ramsay, etc. |
| 1898 | xenon | (English) W. Ramsay, etc. |
| 1899 | Actinium | (France) De Beerner (AL Debierne, 1874-1949) |
| 1900 | radon | (German) Dorn |
| 1901 | europium | (France) Demaroay (EA Demaroay, 1852-1904) |
| 1905 | Lutetium | (French) Urban (G. Urbain, 1872-?) |
| 1913 | protactinium | (Poland) K. Fajans (1887-?) |
| 1923 | hafnium | (Hungary) G. von Hevesey, etc. |
| 1925 | rhenium | (German) W. Noddack, etc. |
| 1937 | Technetium | (Italy) B. Segré and others |
| 1939 | francium | (French) MM Perey |
| 1939 | Neptunium | (US) EM McMillan, 1907-1991, etc. * |
| 1940 | Astatine | (US) DR Corson, etc. |
| 1940 | Plutonium | (U.S.) Seaberg (GT Seaborg, 1912-1999), etc. * |
| 1947 | Promethium | (US) JA Marinsky (1919-) |
